# 离开北京#考研名师 离开北京…来自番茄娱乐-微博
2024年 1月 13日??2023年6月四六级翻译冲刺预测及答案20篇
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1.中国历史文化
农历腊月初八是腊八节（the laba festival），在这一天，人们会喝腊八粥。喝腊八粥这一传统起源于印度佛教，在中国已有1 000多年的历史。在那天，许多寺庙都会以大米、花生、胡萝卜、红枣等为原料做腊八粥。腊八粥被认为具有吉祥和长寿的寓意，因此人们也称其为“福寿粥”或“福德粥”。在古代，腊八节时每个家庭都会煮腊八粥，并祭祀他们的祖先。然后，所有的家庭成员聚在一起喝粥。
the laba festival is on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. people will eat laba porridge on this day. this tradition of eating laba porridge, originating from indian buddhism, has a history of over one thousand years in china. on that day, laba porridge would be cooked in many temples, with ingredients such as rice, peanuts, carrots and dates. since laba porridge was believed to be blessed with good fortune and longevity, it was also called “longevity blessing porridge” or “virtue blessing porridge”. in ancient times, every family would make laba porridge and offer sacrifice to their ancestors on the laba festival. then all family members would get together to eat the porridge.
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2. 农历正月十五是元宵节，紧随春节之后。“元”是第一的意思，“宵”指夜晚。“元宵”就是新年首个月圆之夜，元宵节是家庭团聚的传统佳节。元宵节的起源之说多种多样，有一种传说认为元宵节与道教有关。天官是道教的神，专管人间祥运。他出生于农历正月十五。相传天官喜乐，所以他的信徒们就准备了各种各样的活动，祈求好运。元宵节最隆重的活动就是展挂各种各样美丽的灯笼，因此元宵节又叫“灯节”。
the yuanxiao festival occurs on the 15 day of the first month in the chinese calendar, immediately after the spring festival. yuan literally means the first, while xiao refers to the night. yuanxiao is the first night of full moon of the new year. the yuanxiao festival is a traditional festival for family reunion. there are many beliefs about the origin of the yuanxiao festival and one legend associates the yuanxiao festival with taoism. tianguan is the taoist god responsible for good fortune in the human world. his birthday falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. it is said that tianguan likes entertainment, so his followers prepare various kinds of activities during which they pray for good fortune. the most prominent activity during the yuanxiao festival is the display of all types of beautiful lanterns, so the yuanxiao festival is also called the lantern festival.
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3. 远程教育（distance education）与传统教育相比有两大区别，即远程教育具有灵活性和开放性，不受时空和学习进度的限制。教师在一处授课，而学生在另一处学习，打破了地域限制。授课可以实时或非实时进行。正如五花八门的课程一样，远程教育的模式也是多种多样的。一般而言，远程教育有三种基本的传播模式：电视现场直播、完整的或经过压缩的信息传播以及基于计算机的教学。当然，也可以综合应用这些模式。例如：以播放录像带为主的课程可以经由卫星或万维网直播。
there are two key differences between distance education and traditional education. distance education add flexibility and openness, irrespective of time, place, or pace of learning. here an instructor teaches, and somewhere else a student learns, breaking barriers of place. instruction may take place in real time or on a time-delayed basis. distance education modes are as varied and numerous as the courses themselves. generally speaking, there are three basic transmission modes in distance education: live tv broadcast, transmission of complete or compressed information and computer-based instruction. of course, all these modes can also be used in combination. for instance, live broadcasts via satellite or the world wide web can be added in courses conducted primarily with videotapes.
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4. 生活在移动互联网时代，大学生们已然离不开网络。—些颇具创新力的学生从微博(microblog)和微信(wechat)中看到了商机。桂林一所大学的三名学生注册了一个微信送餐账号。现在他们每天处理2000多份订单，给同学们的生活带来了许多便利。更多的学生选择了网上开店，出售各种物品。通过创业，大学生们不仅可以挣到自己的学费，更重要的是培养了实践能力。
living in the mobile internet age, college students cannot be separated from the internet now. some creative students have seen business opportunities from microblog and wechat. three students from a university in guilin registered an account on wechat to deliver meals. now they handle more than 2,000 orders every day, providing a lot of convenience to other students. more students choose to set up online shops and sell various kinds of items. through running their own business, college students can earn their tuition. what is more important, they have cultivated their practical ability.
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5. 自主创业(self-employed)的好处之一是盈利归自己所有，利润是对自己努力、能力和创造力的回报。自主创业的第二个好处是个人才智和能力能直接反映在收入上。自主创业的第三个优势是自己做老板能够控制自己的工作时间。但是创业并不是一帆风顺(go smoothly)的事。首先，做自己的老板把责任直接放到了个人的肩上。其次，自己做老板时，一单成功的生意可能会带来很大的盈利，而一单失败的生意可能会造成破产。第三个弊端是没有稳定的工资，收入浮动很大。
one of the advantages of being self-employed is that the profits that the business makes belong to the owner. the profits earned are the reward for the owner’s effort, competence and creativity. another advantage is that a person’s earnings directly reflect his intelligence and abilities. the third advantage of being self-employed is that a person as the boss can control his working hours. however, being self-employed does not always go smoothly. first, being one’s own boss means placing the responsibility directly on that individual’s shoulders. second, though the self-employed can earn considerable profits with successful business, losses can force them out of business. the third disadvantage is that self-employed people have no stable wage and their earnings can vary greatly.
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6. 20年前，很多人对创业者(entrepreneur)的态度是不理解和不信任。但是现在，这个形势已经发生了根本的变化。不仅人们对创业者的态度发生了变化，同时在政策上有很多扶持，也有很多的奖项来表彰创业者。现在如果一个有志青年去创业，他会受到很多赞许的目光，我们会为他鼓劲、加油。一些扶持政策也会 助他成功创业，在社会舆论环境上，方方面面都给现在的创业者提供了一个非常好的一个平台。
20 years ago, many people did not understand or trust entrepreneurs. but now the situation has radically changed. not only has people’s attitude towards entrepreneurs changed, but also there are a lot of support in terms of policy and many awards to commend their achievements. now if an aspiring young person wants to start a business, he or she will receive a lot of praise. people will cheer for him or her. he or she will get policy support as well. in terms of public opinion environment, besides many other favorable aspects, a very good platform has been created for entrepreneurs today.
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7. 助人为乐，是中华民族优良传统之一。通过“助人 既向别人提供了 助，又体现了一种自尊。 助他人要摈弃私心杂念，不能处处为个人利益着想。遇事要多替别人考虑，主动伸手 助那些需要 助的人。做到助人为乐，要偷快面对生活，不能自寻烦恼。在 助别人的同时，自己收获快乐，享受生活的乐趣。做到助人为乐， 要积极行动起来，不能只说不做。要脚踏实地，热情周到地为他人服务，哪怕是简单的小事，也要从一点一滴做起。
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being ready to help others is one of the fine traditions of the chinese nation. via helping others, it not only renders help to others, but also embodies a kind of self-esteem. to help others, we need to get rid of selfish considerations and consider no personal interests all along. when anything crops up, think more of others and be active to help those in need. to be ready to help others, we should meet our daily life with pleasure and never upset ourselves. while helping others, we achieve happiness and enjoy life. to be ready to help others, we should take positive action, being no man of words. we ought to be down-to-earth, serve others warmly and considerately, and get started bit by bit even for a minor matter.
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8. 蜡染(wax printing)是我国古老的少数民族传统纺织印染手工艺，是我国古代四大印花技艺之一。据说蜡染早在秦末或者汉初就已经出现，但它最初作为成品出现是在唐朝。由于图案丰富，色调素雅，风格独特，蜡染用于制作服装服饰和各种生活实用品，显得朴实大方、富有民族特色。 蜡染是“丝绸之路”的商品之一，这些商品被出口到欧洲和其他地方。
wax printing, an ancient traditional handicraft of ethnic minorities in china, is one of the four printing techniques in ancient china. it is said that wax printing appeared as early as the late qin or early han dynasty, but it first appeared as a finished product during the tang dynasty. due to its rich patterns, simple and elegant colors and unique style, wax printing is used for making clothes and various practical articles for daily use. it looks simple, elegant, and is full of national characteristics. wax printing was one of modesties of the silk road. these modesties were exported to europe and other places.
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9. 针灸(acupuncture)是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络来达到阴(yin)阳(yang)归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和(reconciliation)之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
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acupuncture is an important part of traditional chinese medicine (tcm)。in accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in tcm，the purpose of acupuncture is to unchoke the channel so as to keep the body‘s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. it features internal diseases being treated with external therapies. with its unique advantages，acupuncture has been passed down over generations (代代相传)and has now spread over the world. nowadays， acupuncture，along with chinese food，kung fu，and traditional chinese medicine，has been internationally hailed as (被誉为。)one of the “four new national essences.”
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10. 元宵节是中国的传统节日，有2000多年的历史。 农历正月十五是中国传统的元宵佳节，新春期间的节日活 动也将在这一天达到一个高潮。元宵作为节日特色食品，在我国由来已久，在有的地方也被称为“汤圆”。在元宵节这天，一般也会有猜灯谜活动，因为谜语能启迪智慧又迎合节日气氛，所以参与人数众多，充满了节日的欢乐。
the lantern festival, with a history of more than 2000 years, is a traditional chinese festival. festival activities during the lunar new year holiday will reach/e to a climax/ head on the 15th day of the first chinese lunar month, the traditional chinese lantern festival. yuanxiao, as a special food of the festival, has a long history in china and is also called “tangyuan”in some places. on this day, there will be some activities of guessing lantern riddles which are enlightening and cater to the festive atmosphere. therefore, numerous people participate in the activities, full of festive joy.
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11. 胡同(hutong)是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。最早的胡同出现在元朝(the yuan dynasty)，如今大部分胡同是在明清时代(the ming and qing dynasties)形成的。据专家考证，“胡同”一词源 干蒙古语(mongolian)的“井”。自古以来胡同都是北京城里普通市民生息的场所，可以说是北京平民文化的代表。但随着人口的增加，很多古老的胡同已经消失，取而代之的是现代化的却没有特色的高楼大厦。
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the university museums boasting vast collections are undoubtedly “a palace of treasure”. regrettably, however, this treasure has been receiving little attention. recently, some university in beijing announce that their museums will grant free access to the public, which is a good start to bring academic collections closer to the general public. but as many world-class university museums have long been famous attractions for tourists and scholars, the domestic university museums are still waiting to be discovered.
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12. 中国国家博物馆(the national museum of china)位于天安门广场东部和东长安街以南，在人民大会堂(the great hall of the people)对面。国家博物馆的前身是两个博物馆:中国历史博物馆和中国革命博物馆，二者均在一个建筑群中。国家博物馆和人民大会堂同时完工，都在中国10周岁国庆献礼的“十大建设”之列。中国历史博物馆主要呈现了三个重要时期的中国历史。中国革命博物馆重点关注过去150年的历史，特别是中国共产党的历史。国家博物馆经常更新，以反映现代政治史的发展。
the national museum of china sits to the east of tiananmen square and south of east chang ‘an street, opposite to the great hall of the people. the predecessors of the national museum are two museums the museum of chinese history and the museum of chinese revolution, which shared the same building complex. finished at the same time, the national museum of china and the great hall of the people were both among the “ten great constructions” completed for the 10th birthday of the prc. the museum of chinese history displays three critical periods of chinese history. the museum of chinese revolution focuses on the history of the past 150 years, in particular the history of the communist party of china. the national museum is frequently updated to reflect the developments of modern political history.
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13. 三星堆遗址被称为20世纪全世界最重大的考古发现之一。三星堆遗址占地面积12平方公里，位于四川广汉，距离成都约60公里，是古蜀文化遗址，距今4800年至3100年左右。该遗址最初由一个农民在上世纪20年代发现。1986年，当地工人挖土烧砖时意外发现了两个祭祀坑，里面有1000多件文物，包括金面具、青铜神树、青铜器、玉器、象牙等。 1988年，三星堆遗址被列为国家文物保护单位。
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the sanxingdui ruins is dubbed as one of the world’s greatest archeological discoveries of the 20th century.located in the city of guanghan, sichuan province, around 60 km from the provincial capital chengdu, the ruins covering an area of 12 square km are believed to be the remnants of the shu kingdom, dating back some 4,800 years to 3,100 years. the site was originally discovered in the 1920s by a farmer. a huge surprise came in 1986 when two sacrificial pits filled with more than 1,000 relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers excavating clay for bricks.in 1988, the sanxingdui ruins site was put under state-level protection.
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14. 兵马俑(the terra-cotta warriors and horses)是秦始皇陵墓(mausoleum)的一部分，也是20世纪世界考古(archaeological)史上最伟大的发现之一。兵马俑是秦始皇为了死后能继续统治王国而建造的，在1974年被西安当地的农民发现。真人一样大小的兵俑按战斗队形排列，依据不同的等级，他们的身高、制服和发型都不相同。他们生动、逼真的形象，显示了工匠们极高的雕刻水平。兵马俑是世界上最大的地下军事博物馆，于1987年被列入世界文化遗产，并被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”。
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the terra-cotta warriors and horses, a part of qin shi huang’s mausoleum, is one of the significant findings in the world archaeological history of the twentieth century. it was constructed for qin shi huang to rule the empire in his afterlife and discovered in 1974 by local farmers in xi’an. varying in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank, the life-sized terra-cotta warriors are arranged in battle formation. the vivid and life-like images reflect the high engraving level of craftsmen. the terra-cotta warriors and horses, the largest underground military museum, was listed as the world cultural heritages and honored as “the eighth wonder of the world” in 1987.
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15. 三星堆遗址被称为20世纪全世界最重大的考古发现之一。三星堆遗址占地面积12平方公里，位于四川广汉，距离成都约60公里，是古蜀文化遗址，距今4800年至3100年左右。该遗址最初由一个农民在上世纪20年代发现。1986年，当地工人挖土烧砖时意外发现了两个祭祀坑，里面有1000多件文物，包括金面具、青铜神树、青铜器、玉器、象牙等。 1988年，三星堆遗址被列为国家文物保护单位。
the sanxingdui ruins is dubbed as one of the world’s greatest archeological discoveries of the 20th century. located in the city of guanghan, sichuan province, around 60 km from the provincial capital chengdu, the ruins covering an area of 12 square km are believed to be the remnants of the shu kingdom, dating back some 4,800 years to 3,100 years. the site was originally discovered in the 1920s by a farmer. a huge surprise came in 1986 when two sacrificial pits filled with more than 1,000 relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers excavating clay for bricks. in 1988, the sanxingdui ruins site was put under state-level protection.
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16. 三星堆遗址（sanxingdui ruins)是迄今在西南地区发现的规模最大的古蜀国遗址，被誉为“世界第九奇迹”。三星堆还出土了10, 000多件文物（cultural relics),其历史均可追溯到公
元前5, 000到3, 000年。这些文物包括制作精美和造型奇特的金器、陶器和象牙制品。对研究早期国家的进程及宗教意识的发展有重要价值，在人类文明发展史上占有重要地位。
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sanxingdui ruins, known as the “the ninth wonder of the world”, are the largest ruins of the ancient shu kingdom discovered so far in southwest china. sanxingdui site has also unearthed more than 10, 000 cultural relics, all dating back to 5, 000 to 3, 000bc. these cultural relics include gold, pottery and ivory products with exquisite craftsmanship and peculiar shapes. they are of great value to the study of the process of early countries and the development of religious consciousness and occupy an important position in the history of human civilization.
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17. 敦煌莫高窟(dunhuang mogao caves)坐落于中国西部甘肃省。这些石窟刻于距离敦煌东南方向25公里处鸣沙山的悬崖上。敦煌莫高窟是规模最大、保存时间最 长的佛教(buddhist)艺术宝库，现存735个洞窟，壁画(frescoes)4万5千多平方米。这些壁画展现了佛(buddha)的形象和活动以及人与神之间的关系。敦煌壁画中的舞蹈人物是全人类的一颗璀璨的宝石。敦煌莫高窟在1987年被列入世界遗产名录（world heritage list）。
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dunhuang mogao caves are located in western china’s gansu province. these caves were cut a cliff 25 kilometers southeast to dunhuang, on a mount called mingsha. dunhuang mogao caves are regarded the biggest and the longest preserved buddhist art treasures, with more than 46,000 square meters of frescoes in 735 caves. dunhuang frescoes display buddha’s images and behavior, and the relationship between buddha and men. dancing images in dunhuang frescoes are a brilliant jewel for all human beings. dunhuang mogao caves was on the world heritage list in 1987.
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18. 中国象棋chinese chess)是一种古老的智力游戏，是中国宝贵的文化遗产(heritage )。它的起源与军事策略密切相关。在古代，下象棋也是一个文人必须掌握的技能之一。如今，象棋被当作是开发智力和培养专注力的有效途径，很多孩子从四五岁就开始学习下象棋。与此同时，下棋也是许多老年人最喜欢的消遣方式(pastime)。据估计，在中国有超过五亿人懂得下象棋。
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chinese chess, an ancient intellectual game, is a valuable cultural heritage of china. its origin was closely related to military strategies. playing chess was also one of the essential skills for a scholar in ancient times. as playing chess is considered as an effective way to develop intelligence and the ability to focus, now many children begin to learn to play chinese chess at the age of four or five. at the same time, the chess is also a favorite pastime for many aged people. it is estimated that over half a billion people in china know how to play chinese chess.
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19. 北京大学于1898年成立，原名为京师大学堂(the imperial? university of peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天，国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其 研究机构的地位，学校已做出很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。
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originally known as the imperial university of peking, peking university was established in1898.the establishment of the university marked the beginning of higher education in china’s modern history. in modern history of china, it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of china’s new culture movement, the may fourth movement and many other significant events. today, peking university was placed by many domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in china. the university lays emphasis on both teaching, and scientific research. it has made great efforts to improve the undergraduate and graduate education, and maintain its role as a leading research institution. in addition, the university is especially renowned for its campus environment and the beauty of its traditional chinese architecture.
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20. 中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。
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china tends to pay more attention to the public libraries and encourages people to take full advantage of them. the latest released statistical figures show that the number of chinese public libraries has increased year by year. many libraries with renovation and extension create quiet and comfortable environment for readers. there are not only all kinds of references provided but also lectures and exhibitions held. in recent years, many figure libraries have appeared, which could save the space of storing books. several libraries also supply self-services systems to make borrowing and returning books more convenient, meeting readers’ needs further.????