考研英语【题源外刊】第109期向业余者问候(考研英语)

2023年 12月 9日 作者 gong2022 0
now, 正式进入到第109期外刊精读la
原文期刊：金融时报
原文标题：
ditch the derision, salute the amateur
考研英语阅览论题—外国文明
一向有“外国金牌运建议都是业余选手？只需我国运建议是专业的？”的消息传出来，因为欧美国家会用一些“小小办法”。在一次法国记者采访法国皮划艇冠军托尼·埃斯坦盖的时分，他答复了这个疑问：许多的奥运项目并不遭到群众的重视，没有重视天然就不会发生商业价值，而为晓得决运建议的练习疑问，这些运建议都会在国企或是国家部分挂名，表面上是作为一名职工，薪酬照常收取，可是却历来不上班，只专心于练习。
实际上，如今的奥运会绝大大都项目都是作业运建议和专业运建议，前者是带有商业性质的作业竞赛，运建议依托奖金和赞助坚持生计，而此前美国奥运会夺金健将菲尔普斯就是归于前者。而一些朴实的竞技性竞赛，根柢没有商业竞赛机缘的，收入靠国家发薪酬的根柢归于专业运建议。所谓“业余”指的对错商业竞赛，对应的是“商业”选手。
皮皮小科普
这篇文章作者充分必定了业余者的重要作用，并分析了业余者的优势地址。首要亮点有：①这是一篇驳立联系的文章，作者先破后立，全文以立为主：先驳斥了专业人士对业余者的不屑情绪，后正面指出业余人士的无量优势；②规划清楚，依照“树靶并提出作者观念（第一段）——证明分析业余者的优势地址（第二至五段）——总结全文，高度赞扬业余精力（第六、七段）”的条理打开论说。

part one: 原文&单词
ⅰprofessionalsuse the word “amateur” as a term ofcontemptfor those who lack formal training and qualifications. i think suchcondescensionis a mistake. one day that amateur might just create a new industry.
第①段单词：
1.professional[pr??fe??nl]n.专业人员
2.contempt [k?n?tempt]n.小看，轻视
*condescension [?k?nd?’sen?n]n.自认为略胜一筹，降低(别人)
ⅱafter all, almost all entrepreneurs embody the amateur spirit, starting as a tinkerer in a garage or writing computer code in a bedroom somewhere. there is no union of entrepreneurs, and no protective body that sets exams and standards. instead there is the free-for-all of the market, a battlefield where only the fittest survive. this lack of a rigid structure is a healthy state of affairs. breaking down barriers to welcome all-comers creates a more dynamic and fluid order. for amateurs don’t suffer from thehierarchyandexclusionof all the self-important professions, from medicine to law to academia.

第②段单词：
3.hierarchy[?ha??rɑ:ki]n.等级准则
4.exclusion [?k?sklu:?n]n.排他，排外
ⅲtypical amateurs are free to invent as they please, try new ideas, fail, and get up and do it all again—but better. as marshall mcluhan, the media theorist, said: “amateurs can afford to lose.” they are self-improvers,chasinga dream rather than alaborious, life-long career within a group. amateurs can do it part-time, for charity or for fun. the old cartels are being bypassed thanks to technological advances and a more informal society. now everyone can diy and experiment—from blogging to film-making to online advice shops.

第③段单词：
5.chase [t?e?s]v.追逐，寻求
6.laborious [l??b?:ri?s] a.吃力的；勤勉的
ⅳthanks to the internet, we can all be competent amateurs at almost everything. the mysteries,jargonandinsularityof the self-satisfied old crafts are revealed for all to see. the world is vastly more complex now, but that means even the mostreveredprofessional needs expert help. the end of the age of compliance means we no longer hold elites such as judges and bankersin such awe. for centuries the club-like pro

fessional bodies haveheld society in their thrall, a form offreemasonryfor the well-educated and connected.
第④段单词：
7.jargon [?d?ɑ:g?n]n.术语，行话
8.revered [r?’v??d]a. 受尊敬的
9.in awe 敬畏地
10.hold…in thrall 战胜，控制
*freemasonry[?fri:meis?nri]n.共济会，联盟
ⅴcharles leadbeater has written persuasively about the importance of serious amateurs, or “pro-ams”, who have helped introduce radical innovations to the mainstream. these passionate consumers collaborate to give disruptive ideascritical mass—which is what happened with mountain bikes. meanwhile, big companies struggle with truly novel breakthroughs, because they naturally want toreinforcepast success—and cannot afford public failures.

第⑤段单词：
11.pro-am n.专业业余者
12.critical mass n.临界物质
13.reinforce[?ri:?n?f?:s]v.增强，加强
ⅵsocial enterprises are dominated by enthusiastic amateurs whose priority is to improve the world rather thanbillclients. among the greatest collaborative achievements of the internet age have been wikipedia and linux. it is surprising there haven’t been more crowd-sourced successes. perhaps ventures have been tooanarchic, and lacked the leadership necessary for any complicated project tocome to fruition.
第⑥段单词：
14.bill [b?l]v. 开账单
15.anarchic [?’nɑ:k?k]a.无序的，紊乱的
16.come to fruition 结束，完成

ⅶnevertheless, i show my admirations for the armies of gifted amateurs. they represent the ultimatemeritocracy. i don’t deny the importance of education, but i place greater emphasis on results and originality,as opposed todoctorates and memberships of professional bodies. they are all too often focused on defending privilege and status rather than thepublic good.
第⑦段单词：
17.meritocracy [?mer??t?kr?si]n.高手准则
18.as opposed to 与……构成对照
19.public good 公共利益
part two: 长难句语法指点
professionalsuse the word “amateur” as a term ofcontemptfor thosewho lack formal training and qualifications.

标红有些为主句，骨干为professionals use……as……，蓝色有些为who引导的定语从句，润饰those，

part three: 写作句型学习
aa lack xx necessary for yy tocome to fruition.
aa短少结束yy所有必要的xx。

原文例句：
perhaps ventures have been too anarchic, and lacked the leadership necessary for any complicated project to come to fruition. 或许创业公司们过分无序，短少结束凌乱项目所有必要的领导力。

aa don’t deny the importance of xx, but aa place greater emphasis on yy,as opposed tozz.
aa不否定xx的重要性，但aa更垂青yy，而不是zz。

原文例句：
i don’t deny the importance of education, but i place greater emphasis on results and originality, as opposed to doctorates and memberships of professional bodies.我不否定教育的重要性，但我更垂青成果和创始性，而不是博士头衔和专业机构成员身份。

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