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二氧化碳添加迫使植物节约用水

01

this is scientific american — 60-second science. i’m christopher intagliata.the mauna loa observatory sits on the side of a hawaiian volcano, 11,000 feet above the pacific. and for nearly 60 years, an instrument there has been sniffing the local air—taking a census of carbon dioxide molecules. in that time, co2 levels have steadily risen, from about 315 parts per million, to 405. and plants enjoy the extra carbon.”it’s kinda obvious plants are gonna react to co2 in the atmosphere, because it changes the environment which they (the leaves) are bathed in.” ralph keeling, a geochemist at the scripps institution of oceanography. “and it’s very hard for the plants not to benefit from that by having a higher water-use efficiency. but what wasn’t clear was how much more efficient they were gonna be.”

译文

这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。莫纳罗亚地舆台位于在夏威夷一座火山边上，位于和平洋上空1.1万英尺。近60年来，该地舆台的一台仪器一向在嗅测当地空气，核算二氧化碳分子的数量。在那段时刻，二氧化碳水平稳步上升，含量从百万分之三百一十五上升至百万分之四百零五。植物很享受这种额定的碳含量。“很显着植物会对空气中的二氧化碳发生反应，因为二氧化碳改动了叶子地址的环境。”斯克里普斯海洋研讨所的地球化学家拉尔夫·基林说道。“具有更高的用水功率，植物很难不从中获益。但并不理解功率会添加多少。”

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so what’s water-use efficiency? like us, plants need water for basic life processes. and they open tiny pores in their leaves to allow carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis. but the holes also let the precious water out. higher water-use efficiency just means losing less water while taking in the co2.to figure out that just how much the efficiency improves, keeling and his team examined the ratio of co2 having the isotope carbon 13 versus its lighter and much more prevalent cousin, carbon 12. “so the ratio is 0.2 percent lower than it was pre-industrially. doesn’t sound like a lot, does it?”and yet, that small change in carbon 13 versus carbon 12 allowed keeling and his colleagues to quantify just how much more efficiently plants are sipping water in a higher-co2 regime. and, it turns out, their water use efficiency rises right in step with co2 levels.

译文

那啥是用水功率？和咱们人类相同，植物也需要水来坚持根柢生命进程。植物翻开叶子中的细小气孔，让二氧化碳进入体内，参加光协作用。而气孔也会让名贵的水分丢掉。用水功率前进意味着植物在吸收二氧化碳时丢掉的水分会削减。为了算出用水功率的改进程度，基林和团队检测了二氧化碳中同位素碳-13与比它更轻更广泛的同位素碳-12的比率。“如今的比率比前工业化年代低0.2%。听起来并没有差太多，是吧？”可是，碳-13与碳-12比率的细小改动，却可以让基林和火伴对植物在二氧化碳含量更高时期吸水功率所添加的数额进行量化。成果闪现，植物的用水功率的确随二氧化碳含量一同上升了。

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“if you dial back to how much co2 has gone up since preindustrial times, you’re talking about something like 40 percent increase in co2 overall, and thus a 40 percent increase in some measure of water-use efficiency. so it’s no small change.” the study is in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences.as we flood the atmosphere with more co2, and average global temperatures rise, some areas of the planet are getting wetter. but other spots face a drier future—where this water-sipping innovation might be a lifesaver. unfortunately, there’s no evidence that in a hotter future, we humans will naturally use water more efficiently, too.thanks for listening for scientific american — 60-second science science. i’m christopher intagliata.

译文

“假定再来算算早年工业化年代至今二氧化碳的添加量，你会发现二氧化碳全体添加了约40%，所以用水功率在某种程度上也添加了40%。因而，这可是不小的改变。”

这项研讨成果宣告在《美国国家科学院学报》上。咱们向空气中排放的二氧化碳量越来越多，全球均匀温度也随之上升，而地球上的某些区域会变得愈加湿润。但其他区域将来会越来越干旱，这种吸水立异法在那些区域或许会变成救星。意外的是，如今并没有根据证明在愈发炽热的将来，咱们人类也会自可是然地节约用水。谢谢我们收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。回来搜狐，查看更多

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